Course Outline
click on each topic to see a detailed outline
General concepts – what bronchoscopy is and what it is not
Instrumentation for bronchoscopy
Rigid instruments
Flexible instruments
Pediatric vs adult bronchoscopy
Indications for bronchoscopy
Contraindications to bronchoscopy
Rigid vs flexible bronchoscopy – pros and cons
Rigid and flexible bronchoscopy – 1+1=3
Complications of bronchoscopy
Mechanics of flexible bronchoscopes
The crucial role of hand position
Directing the tip of the scope
Tracheomalacia
Bronchomalacia
Vascular compression
Intrinsic airway mass lesions
Tracheobronchial foreign bodies
Atelectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Recurrent or persistent pneumonia
Acute pneumonia
Bronchoscopy in asthma
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Complete tracheal rings
Bronchoscopy in tracheotomized patients
Hemoptysis
Indications for rigid bronchoscopy
The upper airways are a crucial aspect of diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy…
Laryngomalacia
Pharyngomalacia
Laryngeal edema
Laryngeal stenosis – subglottic, glottic, supraglottic
Laryngeal mass lesions
Laryngeal cysts
Vocal cord paralysis
Laryngeal webs
Laryngoesophageal clefts
Laryngeal foreign bodies
Adenoidal, tonsillar, lingual tonsillar hypertrophy
Glossoptosis
Cleft palate
Nasolacrimal duct cysts
Equipment
Setup
Positioning the patient
Handling the scope
Foreign body management
Complications of rigid bronchoscopy
Challenges of rigid bronchoscopy
History of tracheostomy
Indications and timing
Technique for tracheotomy
Tube selection
Complications and their prevention/management
Decannulation
Techniques and tools
Endoscopic
Dilation
Laryngeal cysts
Laryngomalacia/supraglottoplasty
Laryngeal webs
Vocal cord paralysis
Laryngoesophageal clefts
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Tracheal pouch
Open surgical
Laryngotracheal reconstruction
Slide tracheoplasty
Voice evaluation
Reflux and the larynx
Vocal cord lesions
Cysts
Papillomata
Vocal cord paralysis
Injection
Re-innervation
Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction
Voice after laryngotracheal reconstruction
Principles
Airway management
Bronchoscopic intubation
Transbronchial biopsy
Endobronchial biopsy
Bronchial brushing
BAL – concepts
Whole lung lavage
Bronchoscopy in patients with tracheostomies
Retrograde laryngoscopy
Bronchoscopy via endotracheal tubes, LMA’s
Bronchography
Esophagoscopy with a bronchoscope
Dilation techniques
Laser applications
Cautery applications
Foreign body management
Stents
Bronchopleural fistula – diagnosis and management
Cryoprobes
Endobronchial ultrasound
Argon plasma coagulation
Research applications in pediatrics
Cone-beam CT guided evaluation of peripheral lung lesions
Whole lung lavage techniques for PAP
Cryoprobe in the management of endobronchial lesions
The team: bronchoscopists, assistants, anesthesiologists/sedation nurse, scheduler
The venue
Equipment
Data management
Specimen management
Communication
Billing and business matters
Basic principles – “to understand the question is half an answer…”
Recommendations for further training